Card
models, also sometimes called paper models, are models of
real-world objects made usually of heavy paper or card stock
as a hobby, or sometimes as a craft for children. They are
generally more popular in Europe and Japan than in the United
States.
Printed
card models became common in magazines in the early part
of the 20th century. The popularity of card modelling boomed
during World War II, when paper was one of the few items
whose use and production was not heavily regulated. Micro-models,
designed and published in England from 1941 were very popular
with 100 different models of architecture, ships, aircraft...
But as plastic model kits became more commonly available,
interest in paper decreased. The availability of numerous
models on the Internet at little or no cost, which can then
be downloaded and printed on inexpensive inkjet printers,
has caused its popularity to increase worldwide. Home printing
also allows models to be scaled up or down easily (for example,
in order to make two models from different authors, in different
scales, match each other in size), although the paper weight
must also be adjusted in the same ratio.
Kits
can also be purchased inexpensively, and experienced hobbyists
often scratch-build, either by drawing their models by hand,
or, increasingly, with software such as Adobe Illustrator.
Software also exists to convert 3D computer models into
two-dimensional printable models that can then be cut out
and assembled. Because of this, there is no practical limit
to the variety of models available. Automobiles, aircraft,
spacecraft (both real and fictional), buildings, and animals
are common.
Sometimes
the models can be punched out, but more frequently must
be cut out with a hobby knife. Experienced hobbyists recommend
cutting models out on a cutting mat and guiding the knife
with a cork-backed ruler, scoring any edges to be folded
with a blunt instrument such as the non-cutting edge of
the hobby knife, and then gluing the pieces together with
a thin coat of polyvinyl acetate glue ("white glue"
"PVA") applied with a small paint brush. One of
the features of this kind of modelling is that the models
are usually pre-painted. When you have finished assembling
the model, it is displayable, without the need for painting,
although many people do customize their models with paint
and added detailing.
To combat
paper's tendency to warp, card modellers may seal the finished
model. Reinforcing corners and long straight edges with
pieces of wood is also common practice.